Table I. Chronology of biomedical silicone-modified polyurethane development.

Polymer Tradename Description of Silicone-
Modified Polyurethane
Approx.
Silicone Content
Typical
Appearance
Developer Approx.
Date
Biomedical
Uses
Avcothane-51 and Cardiothane-51 Solvent-cast hybrid of silicone and polyetherurethane 10% Opaque Nyilas, Avco Everett
Research Lab
1970 Intraaortic
balloon
Biomer and redissolved Lycra Spandex fiber Segmented polyetherurethanes: silicone lubricant or impurity Trace Cloudy DuPont and
Ethicon
1970 Artificial
heart
graft
Thoralon polyurethane (with surface-modifying additives Low-strength copolymer additive: silicone in backbone with polyether co-soft segment <3% Transparent Ward,
Thoratec
Laboratories
1980 VAD,
vascular
graft
Rimplast Semi-interpenetrating network of cross-linked silicone and polyurethane by reactive extrusion Variable Opaque Arkles, LNP
Coporation
1987 Tubing
PurSil and CarboSil
TSPUs (with surface-
modifying end groups)
Medium- to high-strength copolymers: silicone end groups and midblocks with polyether or poly-carbonate co-soft segments Variable:
<1 to >60%
Transparent Ward et al.,
The Polymer
Technology
Group
1991 Various
implants
and
disposables
Elasteon Medium-strength copolymers with silicone midblocks and polyether co-soft segment 60% Transparent Meijs et al.,
CSIRO
1996 Various
implants
Chronoflex C High-strength copolymers with silicone midblocks and polycarbonate co-soft segment Low Cloudy Szycher,
Cardiotech
1997 Vascular
graft
Table I. Chronology of biomedical silicone-modified polyurethane development.1,4,6,8,12,13